i.MX ProcessorsのトピックRe: iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

SteveO1z — Thu, 14 Jul 2011 19:05:05 GMT

Hi, all. After some difficulty, I was able to get the UBIFS file system to mount on the iMX28 EVK when booting from NAND. However, it seems that there is an issue reading from the file system, as I'm getting the following:

UBIFS: mounted UBI device 0, volume 0, name "rootfs0"

UBIFS: file system size: 99422208 bytes (97092 KiB, 94 MiB, 783 LEBs)

UBIFS: journal size: 4952064 bytes (4836 KiB, 4 MiB, 39 LEBs)

UBIFS: media format: w4/r0 (latest is w4/r0)

UBIFS: default compressor: lzo

UBIFS: reserved for root: 4695956 bytes (4585 KiB)

VFS: Mounted root (ubifs filesystem) on device 0:14.

Freeing init memory: 160K

Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel. See Linux Documentation/init.txt for guidance.

I'm running out of ideas. Has anyone else experienced this, and can you help?

Thanks,

Steve O

Re: iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

iMxGuy — Thu, 14 Jul 2011 19:48:35 GMT

Hi Steve,

So you are getting the kernel to load but it fails when it tries to mount the rootfs? What host OS are you building the UBIFS with? Ubuntu 10.10 has a bug in mkfs.ubifs. You need to grab the latest source and replace it.

Re: iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

SteveO1z — Thu, 14 Jul 2011 20:02:12 GMT

Actually, the rootfs is mounting (that was a struggle in itself), but that's as far as it gets. It appears that the device can't get the /sbin/init file.

I'm using Ubuntu 10.10 as host. I'm new to Linux, so sorry if this is a silly question, but you mean the source for mkfs.ubifs? Once I get the source, how to I rebuild the utility? Thanks!

Re: iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

Balaji_ng — Fri, 15 Jul 2011 04:34:50 GMT

I think your rootfs has not been copied properly to NAND or it is corrupted. Try a correct RootFS

Re: iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

iMxGuy — Fri, 15 Jul 2011 11:53:59 GMT

Can you attach the output of dmesg here?

Re: iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

SteveO1z — Fri, 15 Jul 2011 13:35:01 GMT

Thanks for the replies, guys. Are you asking for the output of dmesg from my host machine? Otherwise I can boot the target from SD or NFS and get that output, but on boot from NAND kernel panic stops everything.

Mike, it sounds like you had an issue with the mtd-utils package on Ubuntu 10.10? I was looking into it and it does seem that the package used for the 10.10 release had problems.

To add a little, I was able to get the EVK to boot from NAND using JFFS2, but unless the file system was read-only, subsequent boots would start to show increasing ECC errors. This was verified by a Freescale FAE who said JFFS2 wouldn't work on the iMX28 BSP.

Re: iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

iMxGuy — Fri, 15 Jul 2011 18:42:59 GMT

What I was trying to say is boot from the NAND and then copy and paste all the terminal output from boot up until where the kernel panics. I was interested in seeing what your flash geometry was. If your UBIFS is not created to match the device geometry, you will have boot problems. Did you check the geometry with settings used in LTIB to create the image? Also, I ran into a problem with large size NAND deivices. The driver from Freescale needed a patch to use NAND devices larger than 1Gbit I think.

Steve Otzman said:

Thanks for the replies, guys. Are you asking for the output of dmesg from my host machine? Otherwise I can boot the target from SD or NFS and get that output, but on boot from NAND kernel panic stops everything.

Mike, it sounds like you had an issue with the mtd-utils package on Ubuntu 10.10? I was looking into it and it does seem that the package used for the 10.10 release had problems.

To add a little, I was able to get the EVK to boot from NAND using JFFS2, but unless the file system was read-only, subsequent boots would start to show increasing ECC errors. This was verified by a Freescale FAE who said JFFS2 wouldn't work on the iMX28 BSP.

Re: iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

SteveO1z — Fri, 15 Jul 2011 19:01:22 GMT

Thanks again for the help, Mike. I saw your earlier postings about NAND size, so I changed from a 2Gbit part to a 1GBit part. The chip has an entry in the required tables in the source, and appears to be recognized correctly by the target. Some more detail:

I tried to program the NAND 2 ways: using the Freescale MFG tool with my own imx28_ivt_linux.sb file and ubifs image (which I tarred and zipped to make it as close to the default for the tool as possible), and also using the command line method detailed in some other postings from the imxcommunity.org. Both methods appeared to succeed, but I got the exact same result when trying to boot. Here's the settings I used to create the file system:

PEB size: 128KiB

LEB size: 126976

LEB count: 1024

Min I/O size: 2048

I've attached what I think you're looking for. I'm also working with some FAE's, so hopefully someone will be able to tell me what I'm doing wrong.

Re: iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

iMxGuy — Fri, 15 Jul 2011 19:26:38 GMT

Create the UBIFS image with

mkfs.ubifs -x none -m 2048 -e 126976 -c 5000 -r rootfs rootfs.ubifs

Boot evk from SD card and then reflash as follows. Make sure imx28_ivt_linux.sb for NAND boot and rootfs.ubifs are on your SD card or mount a thumb drive with those files.

flash_eraseall /dev/mtd0

kobs-ng init imx28_ivt_linux.sb

flash_eraseall /dev/mtd1 ubiattach /dev/ubi_ctrl -d 0 -m 1

ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -N rootfs -m

ubiupdatevol /dev/ubi0_0 rootfs.ubifs sync

The name in the ubimkvol command above must match your kernel command line boot options. I couldn't see it in your attached file because you left that out so it may be different than what I posted here. Change your DIP switches for NAND boot and try it. Hope that helps.

Re: iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

iMxGuy — Fri, 15 Jul 2011 19:48:10 GMT

Ah, looking at your boot messages again, I see that your image is named rootfs0, so change the line above to...

ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -N rootfs0 -m

Also, this is a non-compressed image. I see that you are using lzo compression. Have you tried non-compressed?

Mike Morrell said:

Create the UBIFS image with

mkfs.ubifs -x none -m 2048 -e 126976 -c 5000 -r rootfs rootfs.ubifs
Boot evk from SD card and then reflash as follows. Make sure imx28_ivt_linux.sb for NAND boot and rootfs.ubifs are on your SD card or mount a thumb drive with those files.

flash_eraseall /dev/mtd0
kobs-ng init imx28_ivt_linux.sb
flash_eraseall /dev/mtd1 ubiattach /dev/ubi_ctrl -d 0 -m 1
ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -N rootfs -m
ubiupdatevol /dev/ubi0_0 rootfs.ubifs sync

The name in the ubimkvol command above must match your kernel command line boot options. I couldn't see it in your attached file because you left that out so it may be different than what I posted here. Change your DIP switches for NAND boot and try it. Hope that helps.

Re: iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

SteveO1z — Fri, 15 Jul 2011 20:10:14 GMT

The device reports lzo as compression type, but I told LTIB to build a non-compressed image. I'll try the ubiupdatevol command with the original uncompressed image. That might be it. Thx!

Mike Morrell said:

Ah, looking at your boot messages again, I see that your image is named rootfs0, so change the line above to...

ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -N rootfs0 -m

Also, this is a non-compressed image. I see that you are using lzo compression. Have you tried non-compressed?

Mike Morrell said:
Create the UBIFS image with

mkfs.ubifs -x none -m 2048 -e 126976 -c 5000 -r rootfs rootfs.ubifs
Boot evk from SD card and then reflash as follows. Make sure imx28_ivt_linux.sb for NAND boot and rootfs.ubifs are on your SD card or mount a thumb drive with those files.

flash_eraseall /dev/mtd0
kobs-ng init imx28_ivt_linux.sb
flash_eraseall /dev/mtd1 ubiattach /dev/ubi_ctrl -d 0 -m 1
ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -N rootfs -m
ubiupdatevol /dev/ubi0_0 rootfs.ubifs sync

The name in the ubimkvol command above must match your kernel command line boot options. I couldn't see it in your attached file because you left that out so it may be different than what I posted here. Change your DIP switches for NAND boot and try it. Hope that helps.

Re: iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

SteveO1z — Wed, 20 Jul 2011 21:21:08 GMT

Appreciate your help, Mike thanks.

I was finally successful in getting the UBIFS file system to work from NAND. However, I had to go outside of the documented methods:

What I had to do was to move the entire file system on my host machine to a temporary directory, then manually remove the boot, man pages, locale, etc.. directories to get the file system to a manageable size. Then I created a tar file (with no parent directories included - that's important) from this temporary file system. Once I had that I was successful in programming the NAND both from the console and also using the MFG tool.

I never was able to get the ".img" file created by LTIB (or Ubuntu, I tried both) to expand into a directory structure on the target. The result was always that the file system would mount, but all it contained was a file named "rootfs.ubifs.img". Therefore the init file was not found in the expected place, and a kernel panic was generated.

I would like to be able to use the image file created by LTIB, as the above process is time consuming and prone to errors, so if anyone finds a solution I would be interested in it. In the meantime, our system is now functioning from NAND.

Steve O

Re: iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

iMxGuy — Thu, 21 Jul 2011 13:46:43 GMT

Yeah, I had that problem too. Edit ~/ltib/bin/Ltibutils.pm and comment out line 904 "rm $tdir/rootfs.ubifs $tdir/rootfs_image". Then you can burn the rootfs.ubifs file to NAND using the following commands. It seems that the rootfs.ubifs.img file is ubinized but I don't know what that does to the file format, but you can't use that file with these commands.

flash_eraseall /dev/mtd1 ubiattach /dev/ubi_ctrl -d 0 -m 1

ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -N rootfs -m

ubiupdatevol /dev/ubi0_0 rootfs.ubifs sync

Steve Otzman said:

Appreciate your help, Mike thanks.
I was finally successful in getting the UBIFS file system to work from NAND. However, I had to go outside of the documented methods:
What I had to do was to move the entire file system on my host machine to a temporary directory, then manually remove the boot, man pages, locale, etc.. directories to get the file system to a manageable size. Then I created a tar file (with no parent directories included - that's important) from this temporary file system. Once I had that I was successful in programming the NAND both from the console and also using the MFG tool.
I never was able to get the ".img" file created by LTIB (or Ubuntu, I tried both) to expand into a directory structure on the target. The result was always that the file system would mount, but all it contained was a file named "rootfs.ubifs.img". Therefore the init file was not found in the expected place, and a kernel panic was generated.
I would like to be able to use the image file created by LTIB, as the above process is time consuming and prone to errors, so if anyone finds a solution I would be interested in it. In the meantime, our system is now functioning from NAND.

Steve O

Re: iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

iMxGuy — Thu, 21 Jul 2011 14:12:06 GMT

Here is a script I wrote to flash the kernel and rootfs images to NAND.

Mike Morrell said:

Yeah, I had that problem too. Edit ~/ltib/bin/Ltibutils.pm and comment out line 904 "rm $tdir/rootfs.ubifs $tdir/rootfs_image". Then you can burn the rootfs.ubifs file to NAND using the following commands. It seems that the rootfs.ubifs.img file is ubinized but I don't know what that does to the file format, but you can't use that file with these commands.

flash_eraseall /dev/mtd1 ubiattach /dev/ubi_ctrl -d 0 -m 1
ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -N rootfs -m
ubiupdatevol /dev/ubi0_0 rootfs.ubifs sync

Steve Otzman said:
Appreciate your help, Mike thanks.
I was finally successful in getting the UBIFS file system to work from NAND. However, I had to go outside of the documented methods:
What I had to do was to move the entire file system on my host machine to a temporary directory, then manually remove the boot, man pages, locale, etc.. directories to get the file system to a manageable size. Then I created a tar file (with no parent directories included - that's important) from this temporary file system. Once I had that I was successful in programming the NAND both from the console and also using the MFG tool.
I never was able to get the ".img" file created by LTIB (or Ubuntu, I tried both) to expand into a directory structure on the target. The result was always that the file system would mount, but all it contained was a file named "rootfs.ubifs.img". Therefore the init file was not found in the expected place, and a kernel panic was generated.
I would like to be able to use the image file created by LTIB, as the above process is time consuming and prone to errors, so if anyone finds a solution I would be interested in it. In the meantime, our system is now functioning from NAND.

Steve O

Re: iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

iMxGuy — Thu, 21 Jul 2011 14:27:12 GMT

Here is an explanation of the difference between the two files and when to use them.

How do I create an UBIFS image?

I found that you have to boot from the SD card and mount a rootfs from the SD card in order to burn a rootfs image on NAND. I usually copy the new rootfs.ubifs and imx28_ivt_linux.sb file and the update.sh script to the /root directory on the SD card and then boot from SD. You cannot flash the rootfs to NAND if you currently have the rootfs mounted from NAND. It makes sense if you think about it, since you cannot overwrite your currently mounted root file system (although if you try, it will try to do it and fails). Kernel image doesn't matter since it is loaded into RAM so you could boot the kernel from NAND and mount the rootfs from SD card. That should work too.

Mike Morrell said:

Here is a script I wrote to flash the kernel and rootfs images to NAND.

Mike Morrell said:
Yeah, I had that problem too. Edit ~/ltib/bin/Ltibutils.pm and comment out line 904 "rm $tdir/rootfs.ubifs $tdir/rootfs_image". Then you can burn the rootfs.ubifs file to NAND using the following commands. It seems that the rootfs.ubifs.img file is ubinized but I don't know what that does to the file format, but you can't use that file with these commands.

flash_eraseall /dev/mtd1 ubiattach /dev/ubi_ctrl -d 0 -m 1
ubimkvol /dev/ubi0 -N rootfs -m
ubiupdatevol /dev/ubi0_0 rootfs.ubifs sync

Steve Otzman said:
Appreciate your help, Mike thanks.
I was finally successful in getting the UBIFS file system to work from NAND. However, I had to go outside of the documented methods:
What I had to do was to move the entire file system on my host machine to a temporary directory, then manually remove the boot, man pages, locale, etc.. directories to get the file system to a manageable size. Then I created a tar file (with no parent directories included - that's important) from this temporary file system. Once I had that I was successful in programming the NAND both from the console and also using the MFG tool.
I never was able to get the ".img" file created by LTIB (or Ubuntu, I tried both) to expand into a directory structure on the target. The result was always that the file system would mount, but all it contained was a file named "rootfs.ubifs.img". Therefore the init file was not found in the expected place, and a kernel panic was generated.
I would like to be able to use the image file created by LTIB, as the above process is time consuming and prone to errors, so if anyone finds a solution I would be interested in it. In the meantime, our system is now functioning from NAND.

Steve O

Re: iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

SteveO1z — Thu, 21 Jul 2011 17:20:20 GMT

That worked, Mike, thanks again.

I was wondering if you've ever used the MFG Tool from Freescale? When I use the exact same commands as listed, the tool doesn't work (the target fails to find /dev/ubi0_0), but I can program from the terminal no problem.

Re: iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

SteveO1z — Thu, 21 Jul 2011 20:05:14 GMT

In regards to the last question - I now have the Freescale MFG Tool working with the ubifs file created from LTIB. (Refer to Mike's instructions for commenting out the removal of the "non-ubinized" file during the build process). I didn't have to resort to manually creating the image myself. I have attached the XML file used with the MFG tool in case anyone else is having this difficulty. The flash file system can also be programmed using Mike's handy script, either from SD or through NFS.

Re: iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

Royaz — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 09:33:35 GMT

in order to write the ubi image to my Nand device I used the solution of Mike Morrel above. it worked fine.the problem that I am having is that the network device eth0 is not starting when the system is up.

the same kernel and rootfs are working fine with rootfs and eth0 starts. so, I am pretty sure its not the kernel. it is something I need to configure in the file system. I am less familiar with ltib rootfs file structure and configurations (I am used to angstrum) do you know how can I configure it to work ? "ifconfig -a" command shows eth0 but I can not set it.

can someone indicate why ?

Re: iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

iMxGuy — Tue, 06 Dec 2011 21:26:11 GMT

In ltib there is configuration options for networking. You should be able to setup eth0 as dynamic or static in ltib. It will create entries in your /etc/rc.conf file to configure networking when the /etc/rc.d/init.d/network service is started. Take a look at the /etc/rc.d/init.d/network script to understand how the environment variables set by rc.conf affect the network startup. If you want to do dhcp manually to see if it is working just run

udhcpc -b -i eth0

from command line to start dhcp. Or you could add it to the end of /etc/rc.d/rc.local. Then you should see eth0 listed in ifconfig assuming you have the correct ethernet drivers configured in your kernel.

Roy Azriel said:

in order to write the ubi image to my Nand device I used the solution of Mike Morrel above. it worked fine.the problem that I am having is that the network device eth0 is not starting when the system is up.
the same kernel and rootfs are working fine with rootfs and eth0 starts. so, I am pretty sure its not the kernel. it is something I need to configure in the file system. I am less familiar with ltib rootfs file structure and configurations (I am used to angstrum) do you know how can I configure it to work ? "ifconfig -a" command shows eth0 but I can not set it.
can someone indicate why ?

Re: iMX28: NAND boot "no init found"

fanqipin — Wed, 28 Mar 2012 07:12:57 GMT

how to mount the ubifs to imx28evk, can you give me same advises;thanks