i.MX ProcessorsのトピックRe: IMX95 Aquila ISP usage

IMX95 Aquila ISP usage

sben — Thu, 23 Jul 2026 09:18:24 GMT

Hello,

I bought an Aquila IMX95 Evaluation Kit 2 with two ov5640 sensors (https://www.toradex.com/cart).

I have the drivers for the sensors. The board is flashed correctly, with the isp module active :

root@imx95-1:~# lsmod | grep -i isp
neoisp 69632 0

The cameras are showing in libcamera :

root@imx95-1:~# libcamera
-sh: libcamera: command not found
root@imx95-1:~# cam -l
[17:17:31.010001558] [2747] INFO Camera camera_manager.cpp:327 libcamera v0.4.0+dirty (2026-06-03T11:26:44UTC)
[17:17:31.044088474] [2748] WARN CameraSensor camera_sensor_legacy.cpp:354 'ov5640 4-003c': Recommended V4L2 control 0x009a0922 not supported
[17:17:31.044159391] [2748] WARN CameraSensor camera_sensor_legacy.cpp:426 'ov5640 4-003c': The sensor kernel driver needs to be fixed
[17:17:31.044178224] [2748] WARN CameraSensor camera_sensor_legacy.cpp:428 'ov5640 4-003c': See Documentation/sensor_driver_requirements.rst in the libcamera sources for more information
[17:17:31.044882558] [2748] WARN CameraSensor camera_sensor_legacy.cpp:594 'ov5640 4-003c': Failed to retrieve the camera location
[17:17:31.044918891] [2748] WARN CameraSensor camera_sensor_legacy.cpp:616 'ov5640 4-003c': Rotation control not available, default to 0 degrees
[17:17:31.045722599] [2748] WARN CameraSensor camera_sensor_legacy.cpp:354 'ov5640 3-003c': Recommended V4L2 control 0x009a0922 not supported
[17:17:31.045762974] [2748] WARN CameraSensor camera_sensor_legacy.cpp:426 'ov5640 3-003c': The sensor kernel driver needs to be fixed
[17:17:31.045783849] [2748] WARN CameraSensor camera_sensor_legacy.cpp:428 'ov5640 3-003c': See Documentation/sensor_driver_requirements.rst in the libcamera sources for more information
[17:17:31.046362016] [2748] WARN CameraSensor camera_sensor_legacy.cpp:594 'ov5640 3-003c': Failed to retrieve the camera location
[17:17:31.046388308] [2748] WARN CameraSensor camera_sensor_legacy.cpp:616 'ov5640 3-003c': Rotation control not available, default to 0 degrees
[17:17:31.048068724] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.048640224] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.048904099] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.049145974] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.049451724] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.049694683] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.049937141] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.050184266] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.050477516] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.050720433] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.050962433] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.051201724] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.051441724] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.051683308] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.051925308] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.052259141] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.052510099] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.061185308] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.061469974] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.061736058] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.061988683] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.062242933] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.062489474] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.062733266] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.062980349] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.063228266] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.063470391] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.063712849] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.063953933] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.064216891] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.064463349] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.064706683] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.064958766] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
[17:17:31.065200974] [2748] WARN V4L2 v4l2_pixelformat.cpp:346 Unsupported V4L2 pixel format AR30
Available cameras:
1: 'ov5640' (/base/soc/bus@42000000/i2c@42540000/camera@3c)
2: 'ov5640' (/base/soc/bus@42000000/i2c@426e0000/camera@3c)

Just to check if the mipis are fine, I started a gstreamer pipeline and managed to get a stable 30fps stream on both cameras. I also managed to take snapshots with v4l2-ctl.

Now, I'd like to test the Aquila's ISP with my cameras to see what it can do.

Following the https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/user-guide/UG10215.pdf I added the environment variable :

root@imx95-1:~# export LIBCAMERA_PIPELINES_MATCH_LIST='nxp/neo'

But, doing so, the camera is not detected anymore by libcamera and I don't know why :

root@imx95-1:~# cam -l
[17:36:38.947430563] [2788] INFO Camera camera_manager.cpp:327 libcamera v0.4.0+dirty (2026-06-03T11:26:44UTC)
Available cameras:
root@imx95-1:~#

Thank you for your reply !

Cordially,

Re: IMX95 Aquila ISP usage

yipingwang — Thu, 23 Jul 2026 09:46:31 GMT

My current suspicion is that one of the following is happening:

OV5640 is running in YUV mode rather than RAW Bayer mode (most likely).
The camera DT overlay is not the ISP-enabled variant.
The Neo IPA/calibration components are missing from the root filesystem.
The media topology seen by the Neo pipeline does not match the expected i.MX95 ISP graph.

The media-ctl -p output will usually pinpoint which of these is the actual issue.

Re: IMX95 Aquila ISP usage

sben — Thu, 23 Jul 2026 13:37:17 GMT

Thanks for the reply.

I did some additional checks:

You were right and the OV5640 was initially running in UYVY mode, but I manually switched one sensor to RAW Bayer (SRGGB8).
media-ctl -p now shows:

root@imx95-1:~# media-ctl -p Media controller API version 6.12.55 Media device information ------------------------ driver mxc-isi model FSL Capture Media Device serial bus info platform:4ad50000.isi hw revision 0x0 driver version 6.12.55 Device topology - entity 1: crossbar (13 pads, 11 links, 8 routes) type V4L2 subdev subtype Unknown flags 0 device node name /dev/v4l-subdev0 routes: 2/0 -> 5/0 [ACTIVE] 3/0 -> 6/0 [ACTIVE] 2/0 -> 7/0 [ACTIVE] 3/0 -> 8/0 [ACTIVE] 2/0 -> 9/0 [ACTIVE] 3/0 -> 10/0 [ACTIVE] 2/0 -> 11/0 [ACTIVE] 3/0 -> 12/0 [ACTIVE] pad0: SINK,MUST_CONNECT pad1: SINK,MUST_CONNECT pad2: SINK,MUST_CONNECT [stream:0 fmt:SRGGB8_1X8/1920x1080 field:none] <- "4ac10000.syscon:formatter@20":1 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] pad3: SINK,MUST_CONNECT [stream:0 fmt:UYVY8_1X16/1920x1080 field:none] <- "4ac10000.syscon:formatter@120":1 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] pad4: SINK,MUST_CONNECT <- "mxc_isi.output":0 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] pad5: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:SRGGB8_1X8/1920x1080 field:none] -> "mxc_isi.0":0 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] pad6: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:UYVY8_1X16/1920x1080 field:none] -> "mxc_isi.1":0 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] pad7: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:SRGGB8_1X8/1920x1080 field:none] -> "mxc_isi.2":0 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] pad8: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:UYVY8_1X16/1920x1080 field:none] -> "mxc_isi.3":0 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] pad9: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:SRGGB8_1X8/1920x1080 field:none] -> "mxc_isi.4":0 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] pad10: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:UYVY8_1X16/1920x1080 field:none] -> "mxc_isi.5":0 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] pad11: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:SRGGB8_1X8/1920x1080 field:none] -> "mxc_isi.6":0 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] pad12: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:UYVY8_1X16/1920x1080 field:none] -> "mxc_isi.7":0 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 15: mxc_isi.0 (2 pads, 2 links, 0 routes) type V4L2 subdev subtype Unknown flags 0 device node name /dev/v4l-subdev1 pad0: SINK [stream:0 fmt:UYVY8_1X16/1920x1080 field:none compose.bounds:(0,0)/1920x1080 compose:(0,0)/1920x1080] <- "crossbar":5 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] pad1: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:YUV8_1X24/1920x1080 field:none crop.bounds:(0,0)/1920x1080 crop:(0,0)/1920x1080] -> "mxc_isi.0.capture":0 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 18: mxc_isi.0.capture (1 pad, 1 link) type Node subtype V4L flags 0 device node name /dev/video2 pad0: SINK <- "mxc_isi.0":1 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 26: mxc_isi.1 (2 pads, 2 links, 0 routes) type V4L2 subdev subtype Unknown flags 0 device node name /dev/v4l-subdev2 pad0: SINK [stream:0 fmt:UYVY8_1X16/1920x1080 field:none compose.bounds:(0,0)/1920x1080 compose:(0,0)/1920x1080] <- "crossbar":6 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] pad1: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:YUV8_1X24/1920x1080 field:none crop.bounds:(0,0)/1920x1080 crop:(0,0)/1920x1080] -> "mxc_isi.1.capture":0 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 29: mxc_isi.1.capture (1 pad, 1 link) type Node subtype V4L flags 0 device node name /dev/video3 pad0: SINK <- "mxc_isi.1":1 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 37: mxc_isi.2 (2 pads, 2 links, 0 routes) type V4L2 subdev subtype Unknown flags 0 device node name /dev/v4l-subdev3 pad0: SINK [stream:0 fmt:UYVY8_1X16/1920x1080 field:none colorspace:jpeg xfer:srgb ycbcr:601 quantization:full-range compose.bounds:(0,0)/1920x1080 compose:(0,0)/1920x1080] <- "crossbar":7 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] pad1: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:YUV8_1X24/1920x1080 field:none colorspace:jpeg xfer:srgb ycbcr:601 quantization:full-range crop.bounds:(0,0)/1920x1080 crop:(0,0)/1920x1080] -> "mxc_isi.2.capture":0 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 40: mxc_isi.2.capture (1 pad, 1 link) type Node subtype V4L flags 0 device node name /dev/video4 pad0: SINK <- "mxc_isi.2":1 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 48: mxc_isi.3 (2 pads, 2 links, 0 routes) type V4L2 subdev subtype Unknown flags 0 device node name /dev/v4l-subdev4 pad0: SINK [stream:0 fmt:UYVY8_1X16/1920x1080 field:none colorspace:jpeg xfer:srgb ycbcr:601 quantization:full-range compose.bounds:(0,0)/1920x1080 compose:(0,0)/1920x1080] <- "crossbar":8 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] pad1: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:YUV8_1X24/1920x1080 field:none colorspace:jpeg xfer:srgb ycbcr:601 quantization:full-range crop.bounds:(0,0)/1920x1080 crop:(0,0)/1920x1080] -> "mxc_isi.3.capture":0 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 51: mxc_isi.3.capture (1 pad, 1 link) type Node subtype V4L flags 0 device node name /dev/video5 pad0: SINK <- "mxc_isi.3":1 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 59: mxc_isi.4 (2 pads, 2 links, 0 routes) type V4L2 subdev subtype Unknown flags 0 device node name /dev/v4l-subdev5 pad0: SINK [stream:0 fmt:UYVY8_1X16/1920x1080 field:none colorspace:jpeg xfer:srgb ycbcr:601 quantization:full-range compose.bounds:(0,0)/1920x1080 compose:(0,0)/1920x1080] <- "crossbar":9 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] pad1: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:YUV8_1X24/1920x1080 field:none colorspace:jpeg xfer:srgb ycbcr:601 quantization:full-range crop.bounds:(0,0)/1920x1080 crop:(0,0)/1920x1080] -> "mxc_isi.4.capture":0 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 62: mxc_isi.4.capture (1 pad, 1 link) type Node subtype V4L flags 0 device node name /dev/video6 pad0: SINK <- "mxc_isi.4":1 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 70: mxc_isi.5 (2 pads, 2 links, 0 routes) type V4L2 subdev subtype Unknown flags 0 device node name /dev/v4l-subdev6 pad0: SINK [stream:0 fmt:UYVY8_1X16/1920x1080 field:none colorspace:jpeg xfer:srgb ycbcr:601 quantization:full-range compose.bounds:(0,0)/1920x1080 compose:(0,0)/1920x1080] <- "crossbar":10 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] pad1: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:YUV8_1X24/1920x1080 field:none colorspace:jpeg xfer:srgb ycbcr:601 quantization:full-range crop.bounds:(0,0)/1920x1080 crop:(0,0)/1920x1080] -> "mxc_isi.5.capture":0 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 73: mxc_isi.5.capture (1 pad, 1 link) type Node subtype V4L flags 0 device node name /dev/video7 pad0: SINK <- "mxc_isi.5":1 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 81: mxc_isi.6 (2 pads, 2 links, 0 routes) type V4L2 subdev subtype Unknown flags 0 device node name /dev/v4l-subdev7 pad0: SINK [stream:0 fmt:UYVY8_1X16/1920x1080 field:none colorspace:jpeg xfer:srgb ycbcr:601 quantization:full-range compose.bounds:(0,0)/1920x1080 compose:(0,0)/1920x1080] <- "crossbar":11 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] pad1: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:YUV8_1X24/1920x1080 field:none colorspace:jpeg xfer:srgb ycbcr:601 quantization:full-range crop.bounds:(0,0)/1920x1080 crop:(0,0)/1920x1080] -> "mxc_isi.6.capture":0 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 84: mxc_isi.6.capture (1 pad, 1 link) type Node subtype V4L flags 0 device node name /dev/video8 pad0: SINK <- "mxc_isi.6":1 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 92: mxc_isi.7 (2 pads, 2 links, 0 routes) type V4L2 subdev subtype Unknown flags 0 device node name /dev/v4l-subdev8 pad0: SINK [stream:0 fmt:UYVY8_1X16/1920x1080 field:none colorspace:jpeg xfer:srgb ycbcr:601 quantization:full-range compose.bounds:(0,0)/1920x1080 compose:(0,0)/1920x1080] <- "crossbar":12 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] pad1: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:YUV8_1X24/1920x1080 field:none colorspace:jpeg xfer:srgb ycbcr:601 quantization:full-range crop.bounds:(0,0)/1920x1080 crop:(0,0)/1920x1080] -> "mxc_isi.7.capture":0 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 95: mxc_isi.7.capture (1 pad, 1 link) type Node subtype V4L flags 0 device node name /dev/video9 pad0: SINK <- "mxc_isi.7":1 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 103: mxc_isi.output (1 pad, 1 link) type Node subtype V4L flags 0 pad0: SOURCE -> "crossbar":4 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 110: 4ac10000.syscon:formatter@120 (2 pads, 2 links, 1 route) type V4L2 subdev subtype Unknown flags 0 device node name /dev/v4l-subdev9 routes: 0/0 -> 1/0 [ACTIVE] pad0: SINK [stream:0 fmt:UYVY8_1X16/1920x1080 field:none] <- "csidev-4ad40000.csi":1 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] pad1: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:UYVY8_1X16/1920x1080 field:none] -> "crossbar":3 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 115: 4ac10000.syscon:formatter@20 (2 pads, 2 links, 1 route) type V4L2 subdev subtype Unknown flags 0 device node name /dev/v4l-subdev10 routes: 0/0 -> 1/0 [ACTIVE] pad0: SINK [stream:0 fmt:SRGGB8_1X8/1920x1080] <- "csidev-4ad30000.csi":1 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] pad1: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:SRGGB8_1X8/1920x1080] -> "crossbar":2 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 120: csidev-4ad30000.csi (2 pads, 2 links, 1 route) type V4L2 subdev subtype Unknown flags 0 device node name /dev/v4l-subdev11 routes: 0/0 -> 1/0 [ACTIVE] pad0: SINK [stream:0 fmt:SRGGB8_1X8/1920x1080 colorspace:srgb xfer:srgb ycbcr:601 quantization:full-range] <- "ov5640 4-003c":0 [ENABLED] pad1: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:SRGGB8_1X8/1920x1080 colorspace:srgb xfer:srgb ycbcr:601 quantization:full-range] -> "4ac10000.syscon:formatter@20":0 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 125: csidev-4ad40000.csi (2 pads, 2 links, 1 route) type V4L2 subdev subtype Unknown flags 0 device node name /dev/v4l-subdev12 routes: 0/0 -> 1/0 [ACTIVE] pad0: SINK [stream:0 fmt:UYVY8_1X16/1920x1080 field:none] <- "ov5640 3-003c":0 [ENABLED] pad1: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:UYVY8_1X16/1920x1080 field:none] -> "4ac10000.syscon:formatter@120":0 [ENABLED,IMMUTABLE] - entity 130: ov5640 4-003c (1 pad, 1 link, 0 routes) type V4L2 subdev subtype Sensor flags 0 device node name /dev/v4l-subdev13 pad0: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:SRGGB8_1X8/1920x1080@1/30 colorspace:srgb xfer:srgb ycbcr:601 quantization:full-range crop.bounds:(0,0)/2624x1964 crop:(336,434)/1952x1088] -> "csidev-4ad30000.csi":0 [ENABLED] - entity 134: ov5640 3-003c (1 pad, 1 link, 0 routes) type V4L2 subdev subtype Sensor flags 0 device node name /dev/v4l-subdev14 pad0: SOURCE [stream:0 fmt:UYVY8_1X16/1920x1080@1/30 field:none colorspace:srgb xfer:srgb ycbcr:601 quantization:full-range crop.bounds:(0,0)/2624x1964 crop:(336,434)/1952x1088] -> "csidev-4ad40000.csi":0 [ENABLED]

(The second OV5640 remains in UYVY mode for comparison)

So :

OV5640 -> SRGGB8
CSI -> SRGGB8
Formatter -> SRGGB8
Crossbar -> SRGGB8

=> RAW Bayer is successfully propagated through the sensor, CSI and formatter.

The neoisp kernel module is loaded:

root@imx95-1:~# modprobe neoisp root@imx95-1:~# lsmod | grep -i isp neoisp 69632 0

An ISP node is present in the running device tree:

/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/soc/isp@4ae00000

=> However, I only see a single media device (/dev/media0) exposing the CSI/Formatter/ISI pipeline. No neoisp entity appears in the media graph. I do not see any neoisp entity in the media graph, and I do not know whether this is expected.

=> cam -l (libcamera) still returns no available cameras.

At this point the RAW Bayer path appears functional, but I cannot identify where the Neo ISP becomes part of the active pipeline.

How can I verify that the stream is actually processed by the Neo ISP rather than simply following the CSI -> Formatter -> ISI path?

Also, is https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/user-guide/UG10215.pdf still the recommended guide for this setup, or is there a more specific reference for OV5640 + Neo ISP on i.MX95?

Cordially,

Re: IMX95 Aquila ISP usage

yipingwang — Fri, 24 Jul 2026 07:12:31 GMT

After looking at your logs, I believe the issue is not related to the MIPI interfaces or the OV5640 driver itself.

The fact that:

both OV5640 cameras are detected by libcamera
GStreamer can stream at 30 fps
v4l2-ctl can capture images

indicates that the sensor drivers, I2C communication, ~~CSI-2~~ links and media topology are all working correctly.

The key point is that the NXP Neo ISP pipeline expects a RAW Bayer sensor input.

OV5640 is a SoC image sensor with its own internal image processing pipeline, and in the NXP BSP it is typically used in YUV output mode (for example YUV422) rather than as a RAW Bayer sensor. In such a configuration, the camera can be used through the standard V4L2/libcamera pipeline, but it does not match the requirements of the Neo ISP pipeline.

This would explain why:

`cam -l` shows both OV5640 cameras by default
after setting

export LIBCAMERA_PIPELINES_MATCH_LIST='nxp/neo'

no cameras are detected anymore

The cameras are still present in the system, but the NEO pipeline handler cannot find a compatible camera topology and therefore exposes zero cameras to libcamera.

To verify the actual sensor output format, could you please provide the outputs of:

```bash
media-ctl -p
v4l2-ctl --list-formats-ext
We are particularly interested in whether the sensor exposes any RAW Bayer formats such as:
SBGGR8
SBGGR10
SRGGB10
RG10
BA10
If only YUV formats (for example YUYV/UYVY) are available, then the camera is not operating in RAW mode and cannot be processed by the Neo ISP pipeline.
Although the OV5640 hardware is capable of RAW Bayer output, RAW support is not commonly enabled in BSP camera drivers, and the NXP Neo ISP stack also relies on sensor-specific tuning data. Even if RAW output can be enabled, the absence of a dedicated OV5640 tuning profile may prevent proper ISP operation (AE/AWB/image quality tuning).
If your goal is to evaluate the Neo ISP framework itself, it may be easier to use a sensor that is known to work with the NXP ISP stack. Common candidates include:

OS08A20
OX03C10
OX05B1S
AR0521
AR1335 (may require additional tuning work)

Could you share the output of the commands above? That will allow us to confirm whether the current OV5640 configuration is exposing RAW Bayer formats to the system.
Best regards,