topic Re: HCS08C: Small Memory Model and _near pointer qualifier for optimization in CodeWarrior for MCU

HCS08C: Small Memory Model and _near pointer qualifier for optimization

BasePointer — Mon, 28 Apr 2008 22:18:27 GMT

Hi,

I'm using small memory model for my LC60 application. All my pointers have two bytes.

When should I use __near qualifier to pointer types for more efficient code generation?

10x

BP.

Message Edited by BasePointer on 2008-04-28 06:18 PM

Re: HCS08C: Small Memory Model and _near pointer qualifier for optimization

fabio — Mon, 28 Apr 2008 23:15:18 GMT

Hi BP,

You should use the __near qualifier only when your variable is located in the direct page area (as this is the only area that can be accessed using DIR addressing mode and thus 1-byte address).

Best regards,

Re: HCS08C: Small Memory Model and _near pointer qualifier for optimization

BasePointer — Tue, 29 Apr 2008 01:39:19 GMT

Hi,

If I declare an array (for example "char foo[30];" ) in direct page area, will the compiler automatically use __near pointer when it reachs them?

10x,

BP.

Re: HCS08C: Small Memory Model and _near pointer qualifier for optimization

fabio — Tue, 29 Apr 2008 01:59:11 GMT

No,

As far as I know, you must use the __near modifier to instruct the compiler to use DIR addressing mode.

You can create a simple application and use the simulator to see the results your own.

Best regards,

Message Edited by fabio on 2008-04-28 04:00 PM

Re: HCS08C: Small Memory Model and _near pointer qualifier for optimization

CompilerGuru — Thu, 29 Oct 2020 08:54:25 GMT

Yes and no, it depends on which kind of pointer we talk about.
The compiler does not touch user defined pointers, if you define a pointer into the array, the compiler will use a __near pointer only if that pointer is defined as __near pointer.
On the yes side, pointers defined by just using the array, for example with the address (&) operator, or with [] are automatically near pointers.

Below some test code

Daniel

Code:

#pragma push#pragma DATA_SEG __SHORT_SEG MY_ZEROPAGEchar foo[30];#pragma popchar * ptr_far = foo; // not a near pointerchar *__near ptr_near = foo; // explicit near pointerchar i = 0;void f0(void) {  *ptr_far = 1;}void f1(void) {  *ptr_near = 2;}void f2(void) {  foo[i] = 3; // automatically uses __near.}

generates:

Code:

    4:  #pragma push    5:  #pragma DATA_SEG __SHORT_SEG MY_ZEROPAGE    6:  char foo[30];    7:  #pragma pop    8:  char * ptr_far = foo; // not a near pointer    9:  char *__near ptr_near = foo; // explicit near pointer   10:     11:  char i = 0;   12:  void f0(void) {Function: f0Options : -Cs08  -Ms   13:    *ptr_far = 1;  0000 a601     [2]             LDA   #1  0002 320000   [5]             LDHX  ptr_far  0005 f7       [2]             STA   ,X   14:  }  0006 81       [6]             RTS      15:  void f1(void) {Function: f1Options : -Cs08  -Ms   16:    *ptr_near = 2;  0000 a602     [2]             LDA   #2  0002 ce0000   [4]             LDX   ptr_near  0005 8c       [1]             CLRH    0006 f7       [2]             STA   ,X   17:  }  0007 81       [6]             RTS      18:  void f2(void) {Function: f2Options : -Cs08  -Ms   19:    foo[i] = 3; // automatically uses __near.  0000 ce0000   [4]             LDX   i  0003 8c       [1]             CLRH    0004 a603     [2]             LDA   #3  0006 e700     [3]             STA   @foo,X   20:  }  0008 81       [6]             RTS

Re: HCS08C: Small Memory Model and _near pointer qualifier for optimization

BasePointer — Tue, 29 Apr 2008 12:21:08 GMT

Hi Guru,

As I saw, function f0() consumes 7 bytes (far pointer). But f1(near pointer) consumes 8 bytes. Are far pointers more efficient?

10x,

BP.

Re: HCS08C: Small Memory Model and _near pointer qualifier for optimization

CompilerGuru — Tue, 29 Apr 2008 12:35:49 GMT

no, there are cases like this one, extended loading and only dereferenciation where they are a bit shorter (but not faster in this case, BTW). Most of the time, and especially when you manipulate them (increment, compute, pass around, ...) far pointers are less efficient.

For plain dereferenciation however it does not matter much.

Daniel

(and, BTW, __far pointers also occupy twice as much RAM)