RAM Overlap err，how to use m_data (RW) ?

609510318 — Fri, 17 Apr 2020 07:32:10 GMT

Real RAM size of my project is over 60k,so the errors happens as follows.

The MEMORY of S32K146 contains two blocks:SRAM_L and SRAM_U, now SRAM_U is used and overload,but other block is not used.How can both of RAMs be used at the same time?

MEMORY
{
/* Flash */
m_interrupts (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00018000, LENGTH = 0x00000400
m_flash_config (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00018400, LENGTH = 0x00000010
m_text (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00018410, LENGTH = 0x000E7BF0

/* SRAM_L */
m_data (RW) : ORIGIN = 0x1FFF0000, LENGTH = 0x00010000

/* SRAM_U */
m_data_2 (RW) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 0x0000F000
}

Attachment File Detail: S32K146_Flash.id

/*
** ###################################################################
** Processor: S32K146 with 128 KB SRAM
** Compiler: GNU C Compiler
**
** Abstract:
** Linker file for the GNU C Compiler
**
** Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
** Copyright 2017-2018 NXP
** All rights reserved.
**
** THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY NXP "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESSED OR
** IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
** OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
** IN NO EVENT SHALL NXP OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
** INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
** (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
** SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
** HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
** STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
** IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
** THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
**
** http: www.nxp.com
** mail: support@nxp.com
**
** ###################################################################
*/

/* Entry Point */
ENTRY(Reset_Handler)

HEAP_SIZE = DEFINED(__heap_size__) ? __heap_size__ : 0x00000400;
STACK_SIZE = DEFINED(__stack_size__) ? __stack_size__ : 0x00000800;

/* If symbol __flash_vector_table__=1 is defined at link time
* the interrupt vector will not be copied to RAM.
* Warning: Using the interrupt vector from Flash will not allow
* INT_SYS_InstallHandler because the section is Read Only.
*/
M_VECTOR_RAM_SIZE = DEFINED(__flash_vector_table__) ? 0x0 : 0x0800;

/* Specify the memory areas */
MEMORY
{
/* Flash */
m_interrupts (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00018000, LENGTH = 0x00000400
m_flash_config (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00018400, LENGTH = 0x00000010
m_text (RX) : ORIGIN = 0x00018410, LENGTH = 0x000E7BF0

/* SRAM_L */
m_data (RW) : ORIGIN = 0x1FFF0000, LENGTH = 0x00010000

/* SRAM_U */
m_data_2 (RW) : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 0x0000F000
}

/* Define output sections */
SECTIONS
{
/* The startup code goes first into internal flash */
.interrupts :
{
__VECTOR_TABLE = .;
__interrupts_start__ = .;
. = ALIGN(4);
KEEP(*(.isr_vector)) /* Startup code */
__interrupts_end__ = .;
. = ALIGN(4);
} > m_interrupts

.flash_config :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
KEEP(*(.FlashConfig)) /* Flash Configuration Field (FCF) */
. = ALIGN(4);
} > m_flash_config

/* The program code and other data goes into internal flash */
.text :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
*(.text) /* .text sections (code) */
*(.text*) /* .text* sections (code) */
*(.rodata) /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
*(.rodata*) /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
*(.init) /* section used in crti.o files */
*(.fini) /* section used in crti.o files */
*(.eh_frame) /* section used in crtbegin.o files */
. = ALIGN(4);
} > m_text

/* Section used by the libgcc.a library for fvp4 */
.ARM :
{
__exidx_start = .;
*(.ARM.exidx*)
__exidx_end = .;
} > m_text

__etext = .; /* Define a global symbol at end of code. */
__DATA_ROM = .; /* Symbol is used by startup for data initialization. */

.interrupts_ram :
{
. = ALIGN(4);
__VECTOR_RAM__ = .;
__RAM_START = .;
__interrupts_ram_start__ = .; /* Create a global symbol at data start. */
*(.m_interrupts_ram) /* This is a user defined section. */
. += M_VECTOR_RAM_SIZE;
. = ALIGN(4);
__interrupts_ram_end__ = .; /* Define a global symbol at data end. */
} > m_data

__VECTOR_RAM = DEFINED(__flash_vector_table__) ? ORIGIN(m_interrupts) : __VECTOR_RAM__ ;
__RAM_VECTOR_TABLE_SIZE = DEFINED(__flash_vector_table__) ? 0x0 : (__interrupts_ram_end__ - __interrupts_ram_start__) ;

.data : AT(__DATA_ROM)
{
. = ALIGN(4);
__DATA_RAM = .;
__data_start__ = .; /* Create a global symbol at data start. */
*(.data) /* .data sections */
*(.data*) /* .data* sections */
. = ALIGN(4);
__data_end__ = .; /* Define a global symbol at data end. */
} > m_data

__DATA_END = __DATA_ROM + (__data_end__ - __data_start__);
__CODE_ROM = __DATA_END; /* Symbol is used by code initialization. */

.code : AT(__CODE_ROM)
{
. = ALIGN(4);
__CODE_RAM = .;
__code_start__ = .; /* Create a global symbol at code start. */
__code_ram_start__ = .;
*(.code_ram) /* Custom section for storing code in RAM */
. = ALIGN(4);
__code_end__ = .; /* Define a global symbol at code end. */
__code_ram_end__ = .;
} > m_data

__CODE_END = __CODE_ROM + (__code_end__ - __code_start__);
__CUSTOM_ROM = __CODE_END;

/* Custom Section Block that can be used to place data at absolute address. */
/* Use __attribute__((section (".customSection"))) to place data here. */
.customSectionBlock ORIGIN(m_data_2) : AT(__CUSTOM_ROM)
{
__customSection_start__ = .;
KEEP(*(.customSection)) /* Keep section even if not referenced. */
__customSection_end__ = .;
} > m_data_2
__CUSTOM_END = __CUSTOM_ROM + (__customSection_end__ - __customSection_start__);

/* Uninitialized data section. */
.bss :
{
/* This is used by the startup in order to initialize the .bss section. */
. = ALIGN(4);
__BSS_START = .;
__bss_start__ = .;
*(.bss)
*(.bss*)
*(COMMON)
. = ALIGN(4);
__bss_end__ = .;
__BSS_END = .;
} > m_data_2

/* Put heap section after the program data */
.heap :
{
. = ALIGN(8);
__end__ = .;
__heap_start__ = .;
PROVIDE(end = .);
PROVIDE(_end = .);
PROVIDE(__end = .);
__HeapBase = .;
. += HEAP_SIZE;
__HeapLimit = .;
__heap_limit = .;
__heap_end__ = .;
} > m_data_2

/* Initializes stack on the end of block */
__StackTop = ORIGIN(m_data_2) + LENGTH(m_data_2);
__StackLimit = __StackTop - STACK_SIZE;
PROVIDE(__stack = __StackTop);
__RAM_END = __StackTop;

.stack __StackLimit :
{
. = ALIGN(8);
__stack_start__ = .;
. += STACK_SIZE;
__stack_end__ = .;
} > m_data_2

.ARM.attributes 0 : { *(.ARM.attributes) }

ASSERT(__StackLimit >= __HeapLimit, "region m_data_2 overflowed with stack and heap")
}

Re: RAM Overlap err，how to use m_data (RW) ?

Alexis_A — Wed, 22 Apr 2020 19:06:15 GMT

Hello,

What you could do is to modify the origin of the stack to m_data to place this in the SRAM_L.

/* Initializes stack on the end of block */
  __StackTop   = ORIGIN(m_data_2) + LENGTH(m_data_2);
  __StackLimit = __StackTop - STACK_SIZE;
  PROVIDE(__stack = __StackTop);
  __RAM_END = __StackTop;‍‍‍‍‍

Let me know if this helps you.

Best Regards,

Alexis Andalon

Re: RAM Overlap err，how to use m_data (RW) ?

609510318 — Thu, 23 Apr 2020 21:48:00 GMT

It is useful to use next method:

__attribute__ ((section(".data")))

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